Malaria hot spot along the foothills of Rakhine state, Myanmar: geospatial distribution of malaria cases in townships targeted for malaria elimination
Identifieur interne : 000659 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000658; suivant : 000660Malaria hot spot along the foothills of Rakhine state, Myanmar: geospatial distribution of malaria cases in townships targeted for malaria elimination
Auteurs : San Kyawt Khine ; Nang Thu Thu Kyaw [Birmanie] ; Pruthu Thekkur [Inde] ; Zaw Lin [Birmanie] ; Aung Thi [Birmanie]Source :
- Tropical Medicine and Health [ 1348-8945 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Myanmar has targeted elimination of malaria by 2030. In three targeted townships of Rakhine state of Myanmar, a project is being piloted to eliminate malaria by 2025. The comprehensive case investigation (CCI) and geotagging of cases by health workers is a core activity under the project. However, the CCI data is not analyzed for obtaining information on geospatial distribution of cases and timeliness of diagnosis. In this regard, we aimed to depict geospatial distribution and assess the proportion with delayed diagnosis among diagnosed malaria cases residing in three targeted townships during April 2018 to March 2019.
This was a cross sectional analysis of CCI data routinely collected by national malaria control programme. The geocode (latitude and longitude) of the address was analysed using Quantum Geographic Information System software to deduce spot maps and hotspots of cases. The EpiData analysis software was used to summarize the proportion with delay in diagnosis (diagnosed ≥24 hours after the fever onset).
Of the 171 malaria cases diagnosed during study period, the CCI was conducted in 157 (92%) cases. Of them, 127 (81%) cases reported delay in diagnosis, 138 (88%) cases were indigenous who got infection within the township and 13 (8%) were imported from outside the township. Malaria hotspots were found along the foothills with increase in cases during the rainy season. The indigenous cases were concentrated over the foothills in the northern and southern borders of Toungup township.
In the targeted townships for malaria elimination, the high proportion of the cases was indigenous and clustered at the foothill areas during rainy season. The programme should strengthen case surveillance and healthcare services in the areas with aggregation of cases to eliminate the malaria in the township. As high majority of patients have delayed diagnosis, the reasons for delay has to be explored and corrective measures needs to be taken.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s41182-019-0184-3
PubMed: 31889888
PubMed Central: 6921393
Affiliations:
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type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000659</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Malaria hot spot along the foothills of Rakhine state, Myanmar: geospatial distribution of malaria cases in townships targeted for malaria elimination</title><author><name sortKey="Khine, San Kyawt" sort="Khine, San Kyawt" uniqKey="Khine S" first="San Kyawt" last="Khine">San Kyawt Khine</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.500538.b</institution-id><institution>Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Sports,</institution></institution-wrap>Main Road, Sittwe, Rakhine State Myanmar</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rakhine State Myanmar</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kyaw, Nang Thu Thu" sort="Kyaw, Nang Thu Thu" uniqKey="Kyaw N" first="Nang Thu Thu" last="Kyaw">Nang Thu Thu Kyaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung disease, Centre for Operational Research, Mandalay, Myanmar</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Birmanie</country><wicri:regionArea>International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung disease, Centre for Operational Research, Mandalay</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mandalay</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thekkur, Pruthu" sort="Thekkur, Pruthu" uniqKey="Thekkur P" first="Pruthu" last="Thekkur">Pruthu Thekkur</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2109 4999</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8195.5</institution-id><institution>Centre for Operational Research, The Union South-East Asia Office,</institution></institution-wrap>New Delhi, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>New Delhi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Zaw" sort="Lin, Zaw" uniqKey="Lin Z" first="Zaw" last="Lin">Zaw Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.500538.b</institution-id><institution>Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Sports,</institution></institution-wrap>Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Birmanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Nay Pyi Taw</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thi, Aung" sort="Thi, Aung" uniqKey="Thi A" first="Aung" last="Thi">Aung Thi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.500538.b</institution-id><institution>Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Sports,</institution></institution-wrap>Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Birmanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Nay Pyi Taw</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Tropical Medicine and Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1348-8945</idno><idno type="eISSN">1349-4147</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p id="Par1">Myanmar has targeted elimination of malaria by 2030. In three targeted townships of Rakhine state of Myanmar, a project is being piloted to eliminate malaria by 2025. The comprehensive case investigation (CCI) and geotagging of cases by health workers is a core activity under the project. However, the CCI data is not analyzed for obtaining information on geospatial distribution of cases and timeliness of diagnosis. In this regard, we aimed to depict geospatial distribution and assess the proportion with delayed diagnosis among diagnosed malaria cases residing in three targeted townships during April 2018 to March 2019.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p id="Par2">This was a cross sectional analysis of CCI data routinely collected by national malaria control programme. The geocode (latitude and longitude) of the address was analysed using Quantum Geographic Information System software to deduce spot maps and hotspots of cases. The EpiData analysis software was used to summarize the proportion with delay in diagnosis (diagnosed ≥24 hours after the fever onset).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p id="Par3">Of the 171 malaria cases diagnosed during study period, the CCI was conducted in 157 (92%) cases. Of them, 127 (81%) cases reported delay in diagnosis, 138 (88%) cases were indigenous who got infection within the township and 13 (8%) were imported from outside the township. Malaria hotspots were found along the foothills with increase in cases during the rainy season. The indigenous cases were concentrated over the foothills in the northern and southern borders of Toungup township.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p id="Par4">In the targeted townships for malaria elimination, the high proportion of the cases was indigenous and clustered at the foothill areas during rainy season. The programme should strengthen case surveillance and healthcare services in the areas with aggregation of cases to eliminate the malaria in the township. As high majority of patients have delayed diagnosis, the reasons for delay has to be explored and corrective measures needs to be taken.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Myanmar, Nmcp" uniqKey="Myanmar N">NMCP Myanmar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bousema, T" uniqKey="Bousema T">T Bousema</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stresman, G" uniqKey="Stresman G">G Stresman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baidjoe, Ay" uniqKey="Baidjoe A">AY Baidjoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bradley, J" uniqKey="Bradley J">J Bradley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, P" uniqKey="Knight P">P Knight</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stone, W" uniqKey="Stone W">W 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Aktaruzzaman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maude, Rj" uniqKey="Maude R">RJ Maude</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kyaw, Amm" uniqKey="Kyaw A">AMM Kyaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kathirvel, S" uniqKey="Kathirvel S">S Kathirvel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Das, M" uniqKey="Das M">M Das</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thapa, B" uniqKey="Thapa B">B Thapa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linn, Nyy" uniqKey="Linn N">NYY Linn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maung, Tm" uniqKey="Maung T">TM Maung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Birmanie</li><li>Inde</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Khine, San Kyawt" sort="Khine, San Kyawt" uniqKey="Khine S" first="San Kyawt" last="Khine">San Kyawt Khine</name></noCountry><country name="Birmanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kyaw, Nang Thu Thu" sort="Kyaw, Nang Thu Thu" uniqKey="Kyaw N" first="Nang Thu Thu" last="Kyaw">Nang Thu Thu Kyaw</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Lin, Zaw" sort="Lin, Zaw" uniqKey="Lin Z" first="Zaw" last="Lin">Zaw Lin</name><name sortKey="Thi, Aung" sort="Thi, Aung" uniqKey="Thi A" first="Aung" last="Thi">Aung Thi</name></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Thekkur, Pruthu" sort="Thekkur, Pruthu" uniqKey="Thekkur P" first="Pruthu" last="Thekkur">Pruthu Thekkur</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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